|
Let us beware
of saying that there are laws in nature. There are only necessities: there
is nobody who commands, nobody who obeys, nobody who trespasses... But
when will we ever be done with our caution and care? When will all these
shadows of God cease to darken our minds? When will we complete our de-deification
of nature?
The dominant tendency,
however, to treat as equal what is merely similar--an illogical tendency,
for nothing is really equal--is what first created any basis for logic.
In order that the concept of substance could originate--which is indispensible
for logic although in the strictest sense nothing real corresponds to
it--it was likewise necessary that for a long time one did not see or
perceive the changes in things. The beings that did not see so precisely
had an advantage over those who saw everything 'in flux.' At bottom, every
high degree of caution in making inferences and every skeptical tendency
constitute a great danger for life. No living beings would have survived
if the opposite tendency--to affirm rather than suspend judgement, to
err and make up things rather than wait, to assent rather than negate,
to pass judgement rather than be just-- had not been bred to the point
where it became extraordinarily strong.
An intellect that could see cause and effect as a continuum and a flux
and not, as we do, in terms of an arbitrary division and dismemberment,
would repudiate the concept of cause and effect and deny all conditionality.
Henceforth, my
dear philosophers, let us be on guard against the dangerous old conceptual
fiction that posited a 'pure, will-less, painless, timeless knowing subject';
let us guard against the snares of such contradictory concepts as 'pure
reason,' absolute spirituality,' 'knowledge in itself': these always demand
that we should think of an eye that is completely unthinkable, an eye
turned in no particular direction, in which the active and interpreting
forces, through which alone seeing becomes seeing something, are supposed
to be lacking; these always demand of the eye an absurdity and a nonsense.
There is only a perspective seeing, only a perspective 'knowing'; and
the more affects we allow to speak about one thing, the more eyes, different
eyes, we can use to observe one thing, the more complete will our 'concept'
of this thing, our 'objectivity,' be. But to eliminate the will altogether,
to suspend each and every affect, supposing we were capable of this --
what would that mean but to castrate the intellect?
.....my concept of the philosopher is worlds removed from any concept
that would include even a Kant, not to speak of academic 'ruminants' and
other professors of philosophy.
As surely as the
wicked enjoy a hundred kinds of happiness of which the virtuous have no
inkling, so too they possess a hundred kinds of beauty; and many of them
have not yet been discovered.
It is, indeed, a fact that, in the midst of society and sociability every
evil inclination has to place itself under such great restraint, don so
many masks, lay itself so often on the procrustean bed of virtue, that
one could well speak of a martyrdom of the evil man. In solitude all this
falls away. He who is evil is at his most evil in solitude: which is where
he is at his best - and thus to the eye of him who sees everywhere only
a spectacle also at his most beautiful.
Where the good
begins.-- Where the poor power of the eye can no longer see the evil impulse
as such because it has become too subtle, man posits the realm of goodness;
and the feeling that we have now entered the realm of goodness excites
all those impulses which had been threatened and limited by the evil impulses,
like the feeling of security, of comfort, of benevolence. Hence, the duller
the eye, the more extensive the good.
Hence the eternal cheerfulness of the common people and of children. Hence
the gloominess and grief - akin to a bad conscience - of the great thinkers
Out of damp and gloomy days, out of solitude, out of loveless words directed
at us, conclusions grow up in us like fungus: one morning they are there,
we know not how, and they gaze upon us, morose and gray. Woe to the thinker
who is not the gardener but only the soil of the plants that grow in him!
The times of corruption are those when the apples fall from the tree:
I mean the individuals, for they carry the seeds of the future and are
the authors of the spiritual colonization and origin of new states and
communities. Corruption is merely a nasty word for the autumn of a people.
What distinguishes us [scientists] from the pious and the believers is
not the quality but the quantity of belief and piety; we are contented
with less. But if the former should challenge us: then be contented and
appear to be contented! - then we might easily reply: 'We are, indeed,
not among the least contented.
You, however, if your belief makes you blessed then appear to be blessed!
Your faces have always been more injurious to your belief than our objections
have! If these glad tidings of your Bible were written on your faces,
you would not need to insist so obstinately on the authority of that book...
As things are, however, all your apologies for Christianity have their
roots in your lack of Christianity; with your defence plea you inscribe
your own bill of indictment.
- When we hear
the ancient bells growling on a Sunday morning we ask ourselves: Is it
really possible! This, for a jew, crucified two thousand years ago, who
said he was God's son? The proof of such a claim is lacking.
After Buddha was dead, his shadow was still shown for centuries in a cave
- a tremendous, gruesome shadow. God is dead; but given the way of men,
there may still be caves for thousands of years in which his shadow will
be shown. -And we- we still have to vanquish his shadow, too.
|